Objective To describe the initial experience with aortic valve implantation via a direct approach using a self-expanding CoreValveTM aortic valve prosthesis in a tertiary care center from Argentina. Material and methods From May to December 2010, 21 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis (SAS) and high surgical risk undergoing percutaneous aortic valve replacement with CoreValveTM prosthesis were included. The inclusion criteria were the following: aortic valve area <1 cm2 (<0.6 cm2/m2); aortic annulus diameter of 20-27 mm; diameter of the ascending aorta at the level of the sinotubular junction ≤ 40 (small prosthesis) or ≤ 43 mm (large prosthesis), and femoral artery diameter >6 mm. Results Mean age was 79±8 years, mean aortic valve area was 0.7±0.2 cm2 and mean logistic EuroSCORE was 26±15% (50% with logistic EuroSCORE ³ 20%). After valve implantation, peak transaortic pressure gradient measured by echocardiography decreased from 80±22 to 14±5 mm Hg. Two patients developed severe aortic regurgitation which improved with post-dilation. The success rate of the procedure was of 95% as a patient died immediately after valve implant. A definite pacemaker was implanted to six patients due to atrioventricular block. Cumulative survival was 75% after a mean follow-up of 5±2.8 months. Conclusion Our initial experience suggests that direct implantation of CoreValveTM prosthesis is a safe and feasible therapeutic option for patients with SAS and high surgical risk.

Objetivo Describir la experiencia inicial con el implante directo de la prótesis aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve® en un centro argentino de alta complejidad cardiovascular. Material y métodos Desde mayo a diciembre de 2010 se incluyeron en forma consecutiva pacientes con estenosis aórtica grave (EAG) de alto riesgo sometidos a implante directo de prótesis CoreValve® (n = 21). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: área de la válvula aórtica < 1 cm2 (< 0,6 cm2/m2), anillo valvular aórtico de entre 20 y 27 mm, diámetro de la aorta ascendente a nivel de la unión sinotubular ≤ 40 (prótesis pequeña) o ≤ 43 mm (prótesis grande) y diámetro de la arteria femoral > 6 mm. Resultados La edad fue de 79 ± 8 años, el área valvular aórtica fue de 0,7 ± 0,2 cm2 y el EuroSCORE logístico fue del 26% ± 15% (50% con EuroSCORE logístico ≥ 20%). Tras el implante, el gradiente transaórtico máximo por ecocardiograma descendió de 80 ± 22 mm Hg a 14 ± 5 mm Hg. Dos pacientes presentaron insuficiencia aórtica de grado grave, que mejoraron luego de la posdilatación. La tasa de éxito del procedimiento fue del 95%, ya que un paciente falleció luego del implante valvular. Se implantó un marcapasos definitivo por bloqueo auriculoventricular en 6 pacientes. La sobrevida acumulada (media de seguimiento 5 ± 2,8 meses) fue del 75%. Conclusión Nuestra experiencia inicial sugiere que el implante directo de la prótesis CoreValve® es una opción terapéutica segura y factible para los pacientes con EAG de alto riesgo quirúrgico.

FUNDAMENTOS: Lesões carotídeas estão presentes em 8% a 14% dos candidatos a cirurgia cardiovascular e aumentam o risco de acidente vascular cerebral perioperatório. Esse problema é particularmente importante em pacientes com doença coronária e/ou valvar grave que não são candidatos a procedimentos de revascularização em momentos diferentes. Avaliamos os resultados de uma estratégia híbrida de tratamento, na qual angioplastia carotídea e cirurgia cardiovascular foram realizadas de forma sequencial, com intervalo de algumas horas. MÉTODO: Foram tratadas lesões carotídeas > 70% em pacientes sintomáticos e > 80% nos assintomáticos. Ácido acetilsalicílico foi administrado antes da angioplastia carotídea e heparina, no momento do procedimento. Finalizada a intervenção percutânea, os pacientes foram transferidos para a sala de cirurgia para realização do procedimento cardiovascular. Clopidogrel foi administrado habitualmente 8 horas após o término da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 43 pacientes consecutivos tratados com a estratégia híbrida. Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino (81%), com média de idade de 70,5 ± 8,5 anos, sendo 25,6% diabéticos. Foi utilizado sistema de proteção cerebral em 42 pacientes e implantado stent em todos. Cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) foi realizada em 20 pacientes, CRM + substituição de valva aórtica (SVA) em 18, CRM + cirurgia da aorta ascendente em 1, CRM + plástica da valva mitral em 1, CRM + substituição de valva mitral (SVM) em 1, SVA em 1, e SVM em 1. Os resultados hospitalares demonstraram 4 óbitos (2 por falência de múltiplos órgãos, 1 por insuficiência cardíaca e 1 por sangramento), 1 caso de infarto agudo do miocárdio perioperatório e nenhum caso de acidente vascular cerebral. Acompanhamento tardio foi realizado em todos os pacientes aos 25 ± 15 meses. Após a alta hospitalar, ocorreram duas mortes, não relacionadas aos procedimentos percutâneo ou cirúrgico, e nenhum evento neurológico. CONCLUSÃO: A estratégia híbrida combinando angioplastia carotídea e cirurgia cardiovascular é factível e segura, com taxa de complicações aceitável. Pode ser válida em pacientes clinicamente instáveis, sendo necessária, entretanto, a realização de estudos com maior número de doentes para reproduzir nossos achados.

BACKGROUND: Carotid lesions are observed in 8% to 14% of cardiovascular surgery candidates and increase the risk of perioperative stroke. This is particularly important in patients with coronary disease and/or severe valve disease who are not candidate to revascularization procedures at different time points. We assessed the results of a hybrid strategy, where carotid angioplasty and cardiovascular surgery were performed sequentially with an interval of a few hours. METHOD: Carotid lesions > 70% in symptomatic patients and > 80% in asymptomatic patients were treated. Acetylsalicylic acid was administered prior to carotid stenting and heparin was administered at the time of the procedure. Once the percutaneous intervention was over, patients were transferred to the surgery room to carry out the cardiovascular procedure. Clopidogrel was administered 8 hours after the end of the surgery. RESULTS: Forty-three consecutive patients were included and treated with the hybrid strategy. Male patients (81%) were prevalent, with mean age of 70.5 ± 8.5 years, and 25.6% were diabetic. A cerebral protection system was used in 42 patients and stents were implanted in all of them. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was performed in 20 patients, CABG + aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 18, CABG + ascending aorta repair in 1, CABG + mitral valve annuloplasty in 1, CABG + mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 1, AVR in 1 and MVR in 1. Hospital results showed 4 deaths (2 due to multiple organ failure, 1 due to heart failure and 1 to bleeding), 1 case of perioperative acute myocardial infarction and no strokes. Late follow-up was performed in all of the patients at 25 ± 15 months. After hospital discharge, there were two deaths not related to the percutaneous or surgical procedures and no neurological events. CONCLUSION: A hybrid strategy combining carotid stenting and cardiovascular surgery is feasible and safe with an acceptable complication rate. It may be a good option in clinically unstable patients, however, further studies with a large number of patients are required to reproduce our findings.